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Red-necked Phalarope

Phalaropus lobatus

Length: 8 inches Wingspan: 14.5 inches Seasonality: Migrant
ID Keys: White throat and red neck in spring.  In the fall, gray above and white below, with white face and black eye patch.

Red-necked Phalarope - Phalaropus lobatusThe Red-necked Phalarope are primarily birds of the northern tundra in the summer, and of the open ocean in the winter.  As breeding birds, they are found both in North America, and in Europe and Asia. With migration habits that bring them into the southern Hemisphere for (the Northern Hemisphere) winter, Red-necked Phalaropes are thus one of the more widely spread birds in the world. While migration usually occurs along coastlines, there are small numbers that migrate through the interior of the country, and they are thus considered uncommon visitors to South Dakota.

Like other phalaropes, they can often be seen spinning on the surface as they feed. Like other phalaropes, there also is something of a reversal of roles between male and female birds. It is the female birds that are more brightly colored, the females are the aggressors during courtship, and it is the male birds that incubate and raise the young.

Habitat:

Breeds on marshy tundra.   In migration inland, they are most common on ponds or lakes with abundant insects, a preference that also includes sewage ponds.  During winter, most winter well offshore, concentrating on areas of upwelling water. 

Diet:

Primarily feeds on insects on its summer breeding grounds.  During migration and in winter, will also feed on small crustaceans and mollusks, as well as plankton.

Behavior:

Feeds in typical phalarope fashion, swimming and picking food items from the surface or just below.  As with other phalaropes, open spins while foraging, bringing food items closer to the surface.

Breeding:

Non-breeder in South Dakota. On their breeding grounds, females are the ones that actively court the males, displaying and circling around the male to try to capture his attention. The nest of a Red-necked Phalarope is a small depression placed in a clump of grass or other vegetation on the marshy tundra, usually close to a water source. The female lays 3 to 6 eggs, but then leaves the male to incubate them, and she may mate with other males and populate other nests as well. The young hatch after about 20 days.

Song:

Makes a soft twip flight call, sometimes given in series.

1Click here to hear the single note calls of a Red-necked Phalarope

2Click to hear the multi-note calls of a male Red-necked Phalarope

Migration:

Summers in northern Canada and Alaska.  Primarily winters in the Southern Hemisphere, with large numbers well off coast to the west of South America. They are also found in Eastern Hemisphere.

Interactive eBird Map:

Click here to access an interactive eBird map of Red-necked Phalarope sightings in South Dakota

Similar Species:

Red-necked Phalaropes can potentially be confused with 2 other phalarope species that could potentially be found in South Dakota, particularly when birds are in their non-breeding, winter plumage:

Status:

Overall populations globally appear to be decreasing. There are likely multiple reasons behind the decline, including habitat disturbance on parts of its breeding grounds. One major factor for declines in the Western Hemisphere may be El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. They rely on coastal plankton on their wintering grounds off the coast of South America, and abnormal temperature events disrupt plankton populations. As noted by the IUCN, some populations of Red-necked Phalaropes in the past have crashed after ENSO events, and with increased ENSO activity predicted as part of climate change, the impact may increase in the future. Overall, however, Red-necked Phalaropes still have a very broad geographic range, being found in both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, and they are common in parts of that range. As a result, the IUCN currently considers the Red-necked Phalarope to be a species of "Least Concern".

Further Information:

1) WhatBird - Red-necked Phalarope

2) Red-necked Phalarope - Audubon Guide

3) BirdWeb - Red-necked Phalarope

Photo Information:

May 20th, 2014 - Potter's Marsh, near Anchorage, Alaska - Terry Sohl

Audio File Credits:

1Timo Janhonen. Recorded in Greenland on July 5th, 2018. Original recording and information from xeno-canto.

2Stein Nilsen. Recorded in Svalbard, Norway on June 9th, 2018. Original recording and information from xeno-canto.

 

Click on the map below for a higher-resolution view
Red-necked Phalarope - Range Map
South Dakota Status: Uncommon Migrant.

Additional Red-necked Phalarope Photos
Click for a higher-resolution version of these photos
 Red-necked Phalarope 1 - Phalaropus lobatusRed-necked Phalarope 2 - Phalaropus lobatusRed-necked Phalarope 3 - Phalaropus lobatusRed-necked Phalarope 4 - Phalaropus lobatusRed-necked Phalarope 5 - Phalaropus lobatusRed-necked Phalarope 6 - Phalaropus lobatusRed-necked Phalarope 7 - Phalaropus lobatusRed-necked Phalarope 8 - Phalaropus lobatus