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Mourning Warbler

Geothlypis philadelphia

Length: 5.25 inches Wingspan: 8.25 inches Seasonality: Migrant
ID Keys: Olive upperparts, yellow below.  gray hood.  Black upper breast  on male.

Mourning Warbler - Geothlypis philadelphiaMourning Warblers are named after the black patch on the male's upper breast, giving the impression of being dressed in mourning.  The Mourning Warbler is a bird of shrubby areas and forest undergrowth, and is often difficult to spot.  Unlike many migrants, Mourning Warblers avoid flying over the Gulf of Mexico during the spring and fall, instead preferring to migrate overland through Mexico and the interior of the U.S.

Habitat:

Mourning Warblers prefer shrubby undergrowth and second-growth forest.  They can often be found in forest areas that are regenerating after fire disturbance or clear-cutting. Given their preference for regenerating forest and shrubby lands, they are a species that hasn't been as negatively impacted by forestry activity as many songbird species that prefer more mature forest.

Diet:

Primarily insects, especially caterpillars and beetles.  Also spiders. 

Behavior:

Moves through low shrubs and forest undergrowth, gleaning insects and spiders from the foliage.  Will also fly out to capture flying insects in mid-air, and will forage while hopping along the ground.

Breeding:

Non-breeder in South Dakota. On their breeding range, Mourning Warblers nest on the ground, or in low vegetation close to the ground, typically in thick vegetation but close to a forest edge or clearing. The nest is a bulky cup built of grasses, weed stems, leaves, bits of bark, and other vegetative material, lined with finer material such as hair, fine grasses, or rootlets. The female lays between 3 and 5 eggs, and it is both parents help to incubate them. The young hatch after about 12-14 days. Mourning Warblers have been observed using "injury" displays to lead predators away from nesting sites, pretending to have a broken wing.

Song:

2-part song, with 2nd part lower than the first part, jirry-jirry, jorry-jorry. They also have a flight call of a series of rapid chip notes.

Migration:

Summers through southern Canada, the northern Midwest, and the northeastern U.S.   Neotropical migrant, wintering in Central and South America.

Interactive eBird Map:

Click here to access an interactive eBird map of Mourning Warbler sightings

Similar Species:

There are multiple other warbler species that could be seen in South Dakota that have a similar plumage, with a dark head and yellowish/greenish body. Here are the species most likely to be confused with a Mourning Warbler.

Connecticut Warbler - Oporornis agilis Nashville Warbler 1 - Leiothlypis ruficapilla Nashville Warbler 4 - Leiothlypis ruficapilla MacGillivray's Warbler 1 - Geothlypis tolmiei
Connecticut Warbler Nashville Warbler Nashville Warbler MacGillivray's Warbler

Conservation Status:

Systematic surveys in recent decades have shown a modest decline in overall Mourning Warbler populations. However, they are still found across a broad geographic area and have solid numbers in parts of that range. Its preference for second-growth forest makes it less susceptible to habitat loss than many species. The IUCN considers the Mourning Warbler to be a species of "Least Concern".

Further Information:

Photo Information:

Painting by Louis Agassiz Fuertes - 1910 - Appeared in "Birds of New York" by Elon Howard Eaton - Copyright expired, public domain in the United States.

Audio File Credits:

Click on the map below for a higher-resolution view
Mourning Warbler - Range Map
South Dakota Status: Uncommon migrant in the eastern part of the state, accidental in the west.

Additional Mourning Warbler Photos

 Mourning Warbler 1 - Geothlypis philadelphia