Green-winged Teal are a common, fast-flying dabbling duck, often forming tight compact flocks as they wheel and turn in unison. Green-winged Teal tolerate cold weather better than other teal, and can thus be found further north in the winter. They also tend to arrive a bit earlier in the spring than some other ducks such as the Blue-winged Teal. They are the smallest of the "dabbling ducks" found in the United States. Males are rather distinctive if seen well, although the green "swoosh" through the eye is similar to that of an American Wigeon. Females are much more difficult to identify as they are similar in plumage to other dabbling duck females, although the small size helps differentiate them.
Habitat
Marshes and shallow ponds and lakes in the breeding season. Found in similar habitats during winter and in migration, but can also be found in shallow coastal bays and estuaries.
Diet
Primarily feeds on plant material, including seeds, grasses, and aquatic plants. Also will eat insects, crustaceans, and mollusks.
Behavior
Usually travels in small flocks, although at major migration stopovers, flocks may number in the thousands. They rest out of the water more than many ducks, and can sometimes be found on low-hanging branches and logs. Foraging is primarily by upending in shallow water, filtering mud through the bill, and by picking items from the water's surface.
Nesting
Late May and June in South Dakota. The nest of a Green-winged Teal is built on the ground, sometimes up to a few hundred yards away from any water, in a clump of dense vegetation or in a similarly protected location. The nest itself is a depression, lined with down and surrounded and filled with leaves, grasses, and other vegetative material. The female lays between 6 and 12 eggs, and she alone incubates them. The young hatch after about 3 weeks. Within a day after hatching, the young are mobile and forage for themselves, but the female will protect them.
Song
Green-winged Teals males primarily have a whistling song and call, while the females have a quacking call.
1Click here to hear the whistling calls of a male Green-winged Teal, recorded in Snohomish County, Washington.
2Click here to hear the quack of a female Green-winged Teal, recorded in Yavapai County, Arizona.
Migration
Summers throughout Canada, Alaska, and much of the northern and western United States. Winters in the southern half of the United States and points south, through Mexico and into Central America.
Interactive eBird Map
Click here to access an interactive eBird map of Green-winged Teal sightings
Similar Species
Males are generally easy to identify if seen well, while females are much more problematic. The following species are most likely to be confused with a Green-winged Teal:
- American Wigeon - The male Green-winged Teal and American Wigeon both share similar green "swoosh" through the eye and to the back of the neck. However, American Wigeons have a white stripe on their crown (hence the moniker "baldpate"), and lack the rusty coloring on the head of a Green-winged Teal. American Wigeons also lack the white vertical stripe on the front flanks of a Green-winged Teal, and have a warmer-toned body than the grayish tones of a male Green-winged Teal. Females of both species are somewhat similar, but the female American Wigeon has a two-toned, shorter bill, while a female Green-winged teal has a monotone dark bill.
- Blue-winged Teal - Males are easily distinguished, but females are very similar. The easiest way to differentiate is if the green speculum on the wing is showing on the Green-winged Teal. Otherwise, the female Green-winged Teal is generally paler, and is noticeably smaller if size can be accurately judged.
- Cinnamon Teal - Males are easily distinguished, but females are very similar. The Cinnamon Teal is a larger bird, and the bill is also noticeably larger than a Green-winged Teal.
Conservation Status
Population trends are not well established, particularly at a regional level, although it's thought that overall populations are relatively stable. They are still common in many parts of their range, and are found over a very broad geographic area. The IUCN currently lists the Green-winged Teal as a species of "Least Concern".
Further Information
- eBird - Green-winged Teal
- Audubon Field Guide - Green-winged Teal
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology - All About Birds: Green-winged Teal
Photo Information
April 1st, 2012 - Dewey Gevik Nature Area near Sioux Falls, South Dakota - Terry Sohl
Audio File Credits
1Bruce Lagerquist, XC356905. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/356905
2Paul Marvin, XC452502. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/452502
