Brandt's Cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus)

The Brandt's Cormorant is one of three cormorant species commonly found on the west coast of the United States. They are found from southern Alaska to northern Mexico, nearly always on salt water near the coast. Their dark overall coloration is similar to the other two species found on the west coast (Double-crested Cormorant, Pelagic Cormorant). However, they can be readily distinguished from these species by the lighter colored "chin" patch, and a bright blue gular patch on the lower jaw when breeding.

Habitat

Breeds on islands and high slope areas and the tops of cliffs on the mainland. Non-breeding birds often stay close to breeding colonies at all times of the year, but may also sometimes be found foraging well out at sea.

Diet

Feeds mostly on fish, but will also sometimes each crustaceans, shrimp, squid, and other marine creatures.

Behavior

Strong swimmers and divers, they forage by swimming on the surface and diving up to 150 feet below the surface in pursuit of fish.

Nesting

Breeds in colonies, sometimes mixed with other seabirds. The nest is built of seaweed and the bird's own droppings, and is placed directly on the ground. Between 3 and 6 eggs are laid, and both parents will help to incubate them. Upon hatching, both parents help to feed the young, using regurgitation of caught fish.

Song

Usually silent away from their breeding grounds. They do make very quiet grunting and croaking sounds at the nest.

Migration

Considered a permanent resident throughout much of their range. However, some non-breeding birds do disperse outside of typical breeding areas, particularly southward along the Mexican coast.

Interactive eBird Map

Click to access an interactive eBird map of Brandt's Cormorant sightings

Similar Species

In range, most likely to be confused with the Pelagic Cormorant or Double-crested Cormorant.To differentiate these three cormorants, focus on their throat patch (gular) colors and subtle size differences. The Double-crested Cormorant is the most widespread and is distinguished by its large size and bright orange-yellow throat patch. In contrast, the Brandt's Cormorant is bulkier with a shorter tail and features a unique buffy-colored "mustache" or throat wrap that turns brilliant cobalt blue during the breeding season. The Pelagic Cormorant is the smallest and daintiest of the trio, sporting a thin neck, a very slender bill, and a dark, inconspicuous throat patch that turns red only during peak breeding.

Conservation Status

Populations may be decreasing in parts of their range, but they are still widespread and common in many areas. The IUCN lists the Brandt's Cormorant as a species of "Least Concern".

Further Information

Photo Information

Photo taken on July 26th, 2010 - Half Moon Bay, California - Terry Sohl