Arctic Terns may be the longest migrating birds on the planet, with some birds summering in the Arctic, and wintering in the Antarctic. They breed throughout the Arctic and as far south as northern New England, but are only very rare stragglers inland, including South Dakota. There are only a pair of records at this time, both since 1999 at Oahe Dam near Pierre.
Habitat
Arctic Terns nest on coastal tundra, rocky beaches, and islands along the coast, as well as near inland water bodies in the Arctic. During migration and winter, they are primarily pelagic birds, most often found over cold water well offshore.
Diet
A variety of items, including many small fish, crustaceans, marine worms, mollusks, and insects.
Behavior
Primarily feeds while in slow flight, plunging into the water when prey items are spotted. They are also capable of catching insects in mid-air, and will sometimes dip to the water's surface to scoop up prey on the wing.
Breeding
Non-breeder in South Dakota.
Interactive eBird Map
Click to access an interactive eBird map of Arctic Tern sightings
Song
A wide variety of high-pitched, harsh calls, similar to Common Terns but typically higher in pitch.
Migration
Summers throughout the Arctic, and along coastlines as far south as northern New England in North America. In migration, primarily migrates well offshore, spending migration and winter months on the open ocean. Very seldom seen from land in North America except on its breeding grounds.
Similar Species
Status
Most of its breeding grounds are minimally affected by human activity, and overall there appears to be no population trend. However, they are declining as a breeding species in some southern parts of their breeding range, including in North America.
Further Information
- eBird - Arctic Tern
- Audubon Field Guide - Arctic Tern
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology - All About Birds: Arctic Tern
Photo Information
June 25th, 2006 - Near Anchorage, Alaska - Terry Sohl
Additional Photos
Click on the image chips or text links below for additional, higher-resolution Arctic Tern photos.
