The smallest falcon found in the state, the American Kestrel is often seen perched on telephone wires and poles, or hovering over fields in search of prey. They can be among the most abundant raptor in the state at times, especially during migration. American Kestrels will use nest boxes designed for the species. The photo on the right shows an adult male. Females are more plainly colored.
Habitat
Prefers open country with raised perches and access to nesting cavities.
Diet
Mostly large insects and small rodents, also small birds, reptiles, and amphibians.
Behavior
Primarily hunts by watching from a high perch and swooping down when prey is spotted. Will also hover while searching for prey. During courtship, male and female will often fly together, with the male passing food to the female while in flight.
Nesting
May through July. The nest of an American Kestrel is built in a cavity, often a cavity in a tree, either a natural cavity or an old woodpecker hole. They have also learned to utilize appropriately sized nest boxes. The female usually lays between 4 and 6 eggs. Both parents help to incubate the eggs. When the eggs hatch, the male initially brings food while the female tends to the young, but soon both parents are bringing food back to the nest site. The young fledge after about 4 weeks.
Interactive eBird Map
Click to access an interactive eBird map of American Kestrel sightings
Song
Migration
Semi-permanent resident in the southern two-thirds of the United States. Canada and northern U.S. populations generally move south in the fall, although some may remain in mild winters.
Similar Species
Conservation Status
Possibly in decline in parts of the U.S., but overall, populations are not considered to be in serious danger. The IUCN lists the American Kestrel as a species of "Least Concern".
Birdhouses
Will use nestboxes made for Kestrels.
Further Information
- eBird - American Kestrel
- Audubon Field Guide - American Kestrel
- Cornell All About Birds - American Kestrel
Photo Information
February 2nd, 2006 -- Big Sioux Recreation Area -- Terry L. Sohl
