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Northern Cardinal

Cardinalis cardinalis

Length: 9 inches Wingspan: 11.5 inches Seasonality: Permanent Resident
ID Keys: Male unmistakable, with all red body and crest.  Female also easily identified, with generally gray body with red washes, and distinctive crest.

Northern Cardinal - Cardinalis CardinalisA favorite of many, the Northern Cardinal is the state bird of 7 states. A common bird of the eastern and southeastern U.S., the Northern Cardinal has expanded its range westward and northward in the past few decades, possibly due to availability of sunflower seeds and other items at residential feeders. South Dakota currently lies at the northwestern edge of its range.

Habitat: Wide variety of semi-open habitats with nearby thickets for nesting, including woodland edges and clearings, shelterbelts, parks, and residential areas.

Diet: Wide variety of items, including seeds, buds, flowers, waste grain, fruits and berries, and insects.

Behavior: Primarily feeds on the ground, or while moving through low brush and undergrowth. Will also readily adapt to using feeders. Males can be very aggressive when defending nesting territories.

Nesting: May through August

Breeding Map: Breeding bird survey map

Song: Northern Cardinal Song, also Northern Cardinal Call

Migration: Permanent Resident

Similar Species: Pyrrhuloxia of the southwestern U.S. is similar. No similar species in South Dakota.

Status: Common and widespread, with range expanding over the last century.

Further Information: 1) USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter, Northern Cardinal

2) Cornell University's "All About Birds - Northern Cardinal"

3) eNature.com: Northern Cardinal

Photo Information: May 9th, 2004 -- Outdoor Campus in Sioux Falls -- Terry Sohl

Additional Photos: Click on the image chips or text links below for additional, higher-resolution Northern Cardinal photos.

Northern Cardinal - South Dakota Range Map
South Dakota Status: Northern Cardinal populations have been expanding their range to the north and west, a trend that also seems to be occurring in South Dakota.  Has now been occasionally found as far west as the Black Hills.