American Kestrel

Falco sparverius

The smallest falcon found in the state, the American Kestrel is often seen perched on telephone wires and poles, or hovering over fields in search of prey.  They can be among the most abundant raptor in the state at times, especially during migration.  American Kestrels will use nest boxes designed for the species.  The photo on the right shows an adult male.  Females are more plainly colored.

Habitat: Prefers open country with raised perches and access to nesting cavities.

Diet: Mostly large insects and small rodents, also small birds, reptiles, and amphibians.

Behavior: Primarily hunts by watching from a high perch and swooping down when prey is spotted.  Will also hover while searching for prey.  During courtship, male and female will often fly together, with the male passing food to the female while in flight. 

Nesting: May through July

Breeding Map: Breeding bird survey map

Song: American Kestrel Song, American Kestrel Song (2)

Migration: Semi-permanent resident in the southern two-thirds of the United States.  Canada and northern U.S. populations generally move south in the fall, although some may remain in mild winters.

Similar Species: Merlin

Status: Possibly in decline in parts of the U.S.

Birdhouses: Will use nestboxes made for Kestrels.

Further Information: 1) USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter, American Kestrel

2)  Cornell University's "All About Birds - American Kestrel"

3) eNature.com: American Kestrel

Photo Information: February 2nd, 2006 -- Big Sioux Recreation Area -- Terry L. Sohl

Additional Photos: Click on the image chips or text links below for additional, higher-resolution American Kestrel photos.